{
  "identifier": "tag:aim-pro.eu,2026:oer/31c13855f104/record",
  "profile": "aimpro-oer-profile/1",
  "normaliser": "oerlib.metadata/2",
  "status": "ready",
  "normalised_at": "2026-10-09T10:02:13+00:00",
  "resource": {
    "id": "31c13855f104",
    "identifier": "tag:aim-pro.eu,2026:oer/31c13855f104",
    "uri": "https://zenodo.org/records/13852602",
    "title": "Security Considerations for Large Language Model Use: Implementation Research in Securing LLM-Integrated Applications",
    "description": "Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in various applications due to their natural language capabilities that enable user interaction using human language. As system designers, developers, and users embrace generative artificial intelligence and large language models in various applications, they need to understand the significant security risks associated with them. The paper describes a typical LLM-integrated application architecture and identifies multiple security risks to address while building these applications. In addition, the paper provides guidance on potential mitigations to consider in this rapidly evolving space to help protect systems and users from potential attack vectors. This paper presents the common real-world application patterns of LLMs trending today. It also provides a background on generative artificial intelligence and related fields.",
    "creators": [
      "Nikhil Pesati"
    ],
    "keywords": [
      "Large Language Models",
      "Security",
      "Copilot",
      "OWASP"
    ],
    "kind": "pdf",
    "content_language": "en",
    "declared_language": "eng",
    "word_count": 7064,
    "content_hash": "97b2b0cd03452903",
    "metadata_only": false
  },
  "licence": {
    "raw": "cc-by-4.0",
    "spdx": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "uri": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "verdict": "OPEN",
    "note": "open, permissive",
    "ingestable": true,
    "commercial_ok": true,
    "derivable": true,
    "share_alike": false,
    "evidence": {
      "scope": "all files in this Zenodo record",
      "method": "Zenodo REST record metadata",
      "schema": 1,
      "status": "captured",
      "location": "metadata.license.id",
      "source_url": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/13852602",
      "asserted_by": "Zenodo record owner/depositor",
      "captured_at": "2026-10-09T10:00:57+00:00",
      "source_system": "zenodo",
      "observed_value": "cc-by-4.0",
      "documentation_url": "https://developers.zenodo.org/#records",
      "responsibility_url": "https://help.zenodo.org/docs/deposit/describe-records/licenses/",
      "documentation_label": "Zenodo REST records documentation",
      "responsibility_note": "The depositor selects the required record licence; Zenodo publishes that metadata assertion."
    }
  },
  "descriptive": {
    "contributions": [
      {
        "name": "Nikhil Pesati",
        "role": "author",
        "affiliation": "High School Senior, The Harker School, San Jose, California, USA.",
        "identifier": "0009-0006-2346-7844",
        "scope": "resource"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "doi",
        "value": "10.35940/ijrte.C8142.13030924",
        "scope": "resource"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "zenodo-record",
        "value": "13852602",
        "scope": "resource"
      }
    ],
    "dates": [
      {
        "meaning": "issued",
        "value": "2024-09-30",
        "scope": "resource"
      },
      {
        "meaning": "created",
        "value": "2024-09-28",
        "scope": "resource"
      },
      {
        "meaning": "modified",
        "value": "2024-09-28",
        "scope": "resource"
      }
    ],
    "subjects": [
      {
        "value": "Large Language Models",
        "scheme": "",
        "scope": "resource"
      },
      {
        "value": "Security",
        "scheme": "",
        "scope": "resource"
      },
      {
        "value": "Copilot",
        "scheme": "",
        "scope": "resource"
      },
      {
        "value": "OWASP",
        "scheme": "",
        "scope": "resource"
      }
    ],
    "relations": [],
    "educational": {
      "learning_resource_type": "",
      "intended_end_user_role": "",
      "context": "",
      "difficulty": "",
      "typical_learning_time": "",
      "description": ""
    },
    "container": {
      "kind": "",
      "uri": "",
      "title": "",
      "description": "",
      "identifier": ""
    },
    "declared_language": "eng",
    "declared_type": "Journal article",
    "rights_holder": "",
    "access_rights": "open",
    "publisher": "",
    "version": "CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0",
    "citation": "International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), vol. 13(3), pp. 19-27",
    "notes": "",
    "lifecycle_status": "",
    "structure_role": "",
    "snapshot": {
      "file": {},
      "resource": {
        "id": 13852602,
        "doi": "10.35940/ijrte.C8142.13030924",
        "dates": [
          {
            "type": "accepted",
            "description": "Manuscript received on 21 July 2024 | Revised Manuscript received on 30 July 2024 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 September 2024 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2024."
          }
        ],
        "title": "Security Considerations for Large Language Model Use: Implementation Research in Securing LLM-Integrated Applications",
        "created": "2024-09-28T04:44:00.416875+00:00",
        "journal": {
          "issue": "3",
          "pages": "19-27",
          "title": "International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)",
          "volume": "13"
        },
        "license": {
          "id": "cc-by-4.0"
        },
        "updated": "2024-09-28T04:44:00.733975+00:00",
        "version": "CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0",
        "creators": [
          {
            "name": "Nikhil Pesati",
            "orcid": "0009-0006-2346-7844",
            "affiliation": "High School Senior, The Harker School, San Jose, California, USA."
          }
        ],
        "keywords": [
          "Large Language Models",
          "Security",
          "Copilot",
          "OWASP"
        ],
        "language": "eng",
        "description": "Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in various applications due to their natural language capabilities that enable user interaction using human language. As system designers, developers, and users embrace generative artificial intelligence and large language models in various applications, they need to understand the significant security risks associated with them. The paper describes a typical LLM-integrated application architecture and identifies multiple security risks to address while building these applications. In addition, the paper provides guidance on potential mitigations to consider in this rapidly evolving space to help protect systems and users from potential attack vectors. This paper presents the common real-world application patterns of LLMs trending today. It also provides a background on generative artificial intelligence and related fields.",
        "access_right": "open",
        "conceptrecid": "13852601",
        "resource_type": {
          "type": "publication",
          "title": "Journal article",
          "subtype": "article"
        },
        "publication_date": "2024-09-30"
      }
    }
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "role": "original",
      "media_type": "application/pdf",
      "size_bytes": 608576,
      "filename": "C814213030924.pdf",
      "location": "",
      "source_format": "",
      "converter": ""
    },
    {
      "role": "extracted",
      "media_type": "text/markdown",
      "size_bytes": 48092,
      "filename": "",
      "location": "",
      "source_format": "pdf",
      "converter": "pdf-inspector"
    }
  ],
  "observed": {
    "language": {
      "method": "declared",
      "reason": "declared English",
      "accepted": true,
      "declared": "eng",
      "detected": "en",
      "confidence": null,
      "review_required": false
    }
  },
  "collection": {
    "source": "zenodo",
    "source_label": "Zenodo",
    "collected_at": "2026-10-09T10:02:13.875484+00:00",
    "query": "(\"artificial intelligence\" OR \"machine learning\" OR \"generative AI\" OR \"deep learning\" OR \"reinforcement learning\" OR \"large language model\" OR \"AI\") AND (\"AI concepts\" OR \"types of AI\" OR \"AI fundamentals\" OR \"recognizing AI\" OR \"recognising AI\" OR \"general versus narrow AI\" OR \"narrow AI\" OR \"general AI\" OR \"machine intelligence\" OR \"AI strengths and weaknesses\" OR \"traditional software\" OR \"rule-based systems\" OR \"introduction to AI\" OR \"introduction to artificial intelligence\" OR \"artificial intelligence introduction\" OR \"AI primer\" OR \"foundations of artificial intelligence\" OR \"overview of AI\" OR \"understanding AI\" OR \"history of AI\" OR \"AI essentials\" OR \"AI terminology\" OR \"metaphors for AI\" OR \"AI fundamental concepts\" OR \"AI key concepts\" OR \"philosophy of AI\" OR \"critical AI literacy\")",
    "note": "where this was collected from. Not a claim that the provider published or authored it"
  },
  "provenance": [
    {
      "field": "resource_id",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "engine",
      "evidence_ref": "engine#/resource_id"
    },
    {
      "field": "query",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "engine",
      "evidence_ref": "engine#/query"
    },
    {
      "field": "collected_from",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "engine",
      "evidence_ref": "engine#/source"
    },
    {
      "field": "title",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/title"
    },
    {
      "field": "description",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/description"
    },
    {
      "field": "citation",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/journal/title"
    },
    {
      "field": "version",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/version"
    },
    {
      "field": "subjects",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/keywords/0"
    },
    {
      "field": "contributions",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/creators/0/name"
    },
    {
      "field": "dates",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/publication_date"
    },
    {
      "field": "dates",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource"
    },
    {
      "field": "identifiers",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/doi"
    },
    {
      "field": "identifiers",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource"
    },
    {
      "field": "content_language",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "gate_observation",
      "evidence_ref": "gate#/language/declared"
    },
    {
      "field": "declared_language",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/language"
    },
    {
      "field": "licence",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "gate_observation",
      "evidence_ref": "gate#/licence/evidence"
    },
    {
      "field": "access_rights",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/access_right"
    },
    {
      "field": "representations",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource"
    },
    {
      "field": "representations",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "conversion",
      "evidence_ref": "conversion#/pdf"
    },
    {
      "field": "declared_type",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "source_metadata",
      "evidence_ref": "snapshot#/resource/resource_type/title"
    },
    {
      "field": "educational",
      "scope": "resource",
      "method": "declared_type_mapping",
      "evidence_ref": "profile#/learning_resource_type/Journal article"
    }
  ],
  "incidents": [
    {
      "code": "absent",
      "field": "rights_holder",
      "detail": "no rights holder is named at source; the licence is recorded without one rather than attributed to the platform that served it"
    },
    {
      "code": "absent",
      "field": "publisher",
      "detail": "the source named no publisher of the work; where it was collected from is recorded as collection provenance instead, which is a different claim"
    },
    {
      "code": "absent",
      "field": "educational",
      "detail": "the source declared no educational metadata — no resource type, audience, context, difficulty or learning time. Nothing here estimates them"
    }
  ],
  "inferred": [
    {
      "rule": "purpose.declared_type",
      "field": "purpose",
      "value": "reference",
      "method": "inferred",
      "evidence": {
        "declared_type": "Journal article"
      },
      "rule_version": "purpose/1"
    }
  ]
}