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Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour

This document contains the outcome of the first Human behaviour and machine intelligence (HUMAINT) workshop that took place 5-6 March 2018 in Barcelona, Spain. The workshop was organized in the context of a new research programme at the Centre for Advanced Studies, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which focuses on studying the potential impact of artificial intelligence on human behaviour. The works…

Licence: OPEN_NC CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
Authors: Emilia Gómez, Carlos Castillo, Vicky Charisi, Verónica Dahl, Gustavo …
Published: 2018-06-07 · arXiv
Language: en
Length: 28859 words
Type: narrative text

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Extracted text · Front matter and Acknowledgements Words 1–910 of 27,577

Source: Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour · arXiv Authors: Emilia Gómez, Carlos Castillo, Vicky Charisi, Verónica Dahl, Gustavo Deco, Blagoj Delipetrev, Nicole Dewandre, Miguel Ángel González-Ballester, Fabien Gouyon, José Hernández-Orallo, Perfecto Herrera, Anders Jonsson, Ansgar Koene, Martha Larson, Ramón López de Mántaras, Bertin Martens, Marius Miron, Rubén Moreno-Bote, Nuria Oliver, Antonio Puertas Gallardo, Heike Schweitzer, Nuria Sebastian, Xavier Serra, Joan Serrà, Songül Tolan, Karina Vold Licence: CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0 — http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

interdisciplinary endeavour

Proceedings of 1^st HUMAINT workshop, Barcelona, Spain, March 5-6, 2018

Centre for Advanced Studies

Gómez, Emilia (editor)

This publication is a Conference and Workshop report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication.

Contact information Name: Emilia Gómez Email: Emilia.GOMEZ-GUTIERREZ@ec.europa.eu

JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc

JRC111773

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Seville: European Commission, 2018

Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

How to cite this report: Gómez, E. (editor) Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour, Joint Research Centre Conference and Workshop Reports, Publications Office of the European Union, Seville, 2018, PUBSY No JRC111773.

All images © European Union 2018 or belong to the authors

Contents

Acknowledgements................................................................................................5

Abstract ...............................................................................................................6

1 Human behaviour and machine intelligence in the digital transformation project HUMAINT: objectives and workshop.........................................................................7

1.1 Workshop details.........................................................................................7 1.2 Goals and structure of the report...................................................................9 Part I: Human vs Machine Intelligence ................................................................... 10

2 Unintuitive properties of deep neural networks.................................................... 11

2.1 Statement ................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Challenges................................................................................................ 12 References...................................................................................................... 12

3 Whole brain dynamics and model ...................................................................... 13

3.1 Statement ................................................................................................ 13 References...................................................................................................... 14

4 Extended minds and machines .......................................................................... 15

4.1 Statement ................................................................................................ 15 4.2 Challenges................................................................................................ 16 References...................................................................................................... 16

5 Slow and fast biases in decision making ............................................................. 17

5.1 State of the art.......................................................................................... 17 5.2 Challenges................................................................................................ 17 6 Human vs machine intelligence: an interdisciplinary discussion ............................. 18

Part II: Algorithms’ impact on human behaviour...................................................... 20

7 Artificial Intelligence: an interesting leverage point to rethink humans' relations to machines…and to themselves................................................................................ 21

7.1 Statement ................................................................................................ 21 7.2 Position regarding the research questions..................................................... 21 7.3 Challenges................................................................................................ 22 References...................................................................................................... 22

8 Algorithmic discrimination................................................................................. 23

8.1 Statement ................................................................................................ 23 8.2 Context.................................................................................................... 23 8.3 Challenges................................................................................................ 26 9 Making quality decisions about the uses of algorithms and AI................................ 28

9.1 Statement ................................................................................................ 28 i

10 Summary of the Panel Discussion “Algorithms’ Impact on Human Behaviour”.......... 31

Part III: Evaluation and regulation of algorithms ..................................................... 33

11 Reality, requirements, regulation: Points of intersection with the machine-learning pipeline.............................................................................................................. 34

11.1 Statement .......................................................................................... 34 11.2 Challenges.......................................................................................... 36 References...................................................................................................... 36

12 Benchmarks and performance measures in artificial intelligence ............................ 37

13 The IEEE P7003 Standard for Algorithmic Bias Considerations............................... 39

13.1 Statement .......................................................................................... 39 13.2 Future challenges ................................................................................ 39 14 Algorithms and markets: a need for regulation? .................................................. 40

14.1 Statement .......................................................................................... 40 14.2 Research questions.............................................................................. 40 15 Evaluation and regulation of algorithms: summary of discussions.......................... 43

Part IV: Application domains and new paradigms..................................................... 44

16 Machine learning in healthcare and computer-assisted treatment .......................... 45

16.1 Statement .......................................................................................... 45 16.2 Future challenges ................................................................................ 45 17 The influence of “intelligent” technologies on the way we discover and experience music................................................................................................................. 46

17.1 Statement .......................................................................................... 46 17.2 Challenges.......................................................................................... 47 18 HumanAI........................................................................................................ 48

18.1 Statement .......................................................................................... 48 18.2 Challenges.......................................................................................... 48 References...................................................................................................... 49

19 Do humans know which AI applications they do need? ......................................... 50

Part V: Considerations and conclusions .................................................................. 52

20 Characterising the trajectories of artificial and natural intelligence......................... 53

20.1 State of the art: An Atlas of Intelligence................................................. 53 20.2 Challenges.......................................................................................... 54 References...................................................................................................... 54

21 Considerations related to cognitive development children ..................................... 56

21.1 Differences in machinery ...................................................................... 56 21.2 Developmental changes in interaction with computers.............................. 57 ii

References...................................................................................................... 57

22 The tyranny of data? The bright and dark sides of algorithmic decision making for public policy making ............................................................................................ 58

22.1 Statement: Data-driven Algorithms for Public Policy Making...................... 58 22.2 Challenges.......................................................................................... 59 References...................................................................................................... 62

23 Quantum Computing and Machine Learning ........................................................ 66

23.1 What is quantum computing?................................................................ 67 23.2 What is the holy grail of quantum computing?......................................... 67 23.3 Quantum Machine Learning................................................................... 68 23.4 Challenges.......................................................................................... 68 24 Conclusions and future work............................................................................. 70

25 List of workshop participants and report contributors ........................................... 72

List of figures...................................................................................................... 74

iii

Acknowledgements

This workshop was organized by the Centre for Advanced Studies, Joint Research Centre with the local support of the Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.

Authors (editor plus authors in alphabetical order)

Emilia Gómez (editor)

Carlos Castillo

Vicky Charisi

Verónica Dahl

Gustavo Deco

Blagoj Delipetrev

Nicole Dewandre

Miguel Ángel González-Ballester

Fabien Gouyon

José Hernández-Orallo

Perfecto Herrera

Anders Jonsson

Ansgar Koene

Martha Larson

Ramón López de Mántaras

Bertin Martens

Marius Miron

Rubén Moreno-Bote

Nuria Oliver

Antonio Puertas Gallardo

Heike Schweitzer

Nuria Sebastian

Xavier Serra

Joan Serrà

Songül Tolan

Karina Vold

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Carlos Castillo
Vicky Charisi
Verónica Dahl
Gustavo Deco
Blagoj Delipetrev
Nicole Dewandre
Miguel Ángel González-Ballester
Fabien Gouyon
José Hernández-Orallo
Perfecto Herrera
Anders Jonsson
Ansgar Koene
Martha Larson
Ramón López de Mántaras
Bertin Martens
Marius Miron
Rubén Moreno-Bote
Nuria Oliver
Antonio Puertas Gallardo
Heike Schweitzer
Nuria Sebastian
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This document contains the outcome of the first Human behaviour and machine intelligence (HUMAINT) workshop that took place 5-6 March 2018 in Barcelona, Spain. The workshop was organized in the context of a new research programme at the Centre for Advanced Studies, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which focuses on studying the potential impact of artificial intelligence on human behaviour. The workshop gathered an interdisciplinary group of experts to establish the state of the art research in the field and a list of future research challenges to be addressed on the topic of human and machine intelligence, algorithm's potential impact on human cognitive capabilities and decision making, and evaluation and regulation needs. The document is made of short position statements and identification of challenges provided by each expert, and incorporates the result of the discussions carried out during the workshop. In the conclusion section, we provide a list of emerging research topics and strategies to be addressed in the near future.

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Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour

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This document contains the outcome of the first Human behaviour and machine intelligence (HUMAINT) workshop that took place 5-6 March 2018 in Barcelona, Spain. The workshop was organized in the context of a new research programme at the Centre for Advanced Studies, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which focuses on studying the potential impact of artificial intelligence on human behaviour. The workshop gathered an interdisciplinary group of experts to establish the state of the art research in the field and a list of future research challenges to be addressed on the topic of human and machine intelligence, algorithm's potential impact on human cognitive capabilities and decision making, and evaluation and regulation needs. The document is made of short position statements and identification of challenges provided by each expert, and incorporates the result of the discussions carried out during the workshop. In the conclusion section, we provide a list of emerging research topics and strategies to be addressed in the near future.

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Fabien Gouyon — author
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Martha Larson — author
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Bertin Martens — author
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Resource information

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Decided before the content was downloaded, from what the source declared.

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inspect exact evidence ↗ arXiv OAI-PMH metadata documentation ↗

Technical capture details

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Recorded assertion, not legal certification. This proves what the source exposed at capture time. It does not guarantee that the declarant owned every embedded third-party element.

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PDF
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Open
MD
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Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour

Cites 4 works

Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour

Proceedings of 1st HUMAINT workshop, Barcelona, Spain, March 5-6, 2018

Centre for Advanced Studies

Gómez, Emilia (editor)

Acknowledgements

Authors (editor plus authors in alphabetical order)

Identity 3/3

Responsibility 1/3

Content 3/5

Rights 3/4

Form and dates 3/10

Relations and custody 1/9

1 General 5/8

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8 Annotation 0/3

9 Classification 0/4

What could not be established3

Proceedings of 1^st HUMAINT workshop, Barcelona, Spain, March 5-6, 2018