Feature scaling ensures that all numerical variables contribute fairly during training. Without scaling:
large-value variables may dominate calculations
optimization may become unstable
model convergence may slow down Feature scaling improves performance in algorithms such as:
K-Nearest Neighbors
Support Vector Machines
Neural Networks
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Built from what the sources declared and what the gates observed. Nothing absent has been filled in here.
aimpro-oer-profile/1
built 2026-10-09DCMI Metadata Terms. Dublin Core has no element that separates the original file from the text extracted out of it, and none for LOM's educational characterisation. Both survive here as provenance statements and in the record itself, not in the projection. the standard ↗
The groups below are this library's, for reading. DCMI Terms itself has no categories; each term keeps its standard name.
dcterms:identifier
This engine's id, the source URI, and any persistent identifier the source published.
dcterms:title
The title of this resource, not of the record or repository it came from.
dcterms:type
A DCMI Type term for the form held, plus the source's own genre label as declared.
dcterms:creator
Only agents the source named as creators. A repository owner is not made an author by default.
dcterms:contributor
none found — the source did not declare it
Everyone else named, with the role as declared and the scope they were declared at.
dcterms:publisher
none found — the source did not declare it
Only when the source names a publisher of the work. The platform it was collected from is recorded as provenance instead.
dcterms:description
none found — the source did not declare it
The abstract, and the depositor's additional notes after it when the source has a field for them.
dcterms:subject
none found — the source did not declare it
Declared keywords and taxonomy terms, each carrying its scheme.
dcterms:language
The language of the content as the language gate read it.
dcterms:audience
none found — the source did not declare it
Imported when the source declares an intended audience. Never inferred.
dcterms:educationLevel
none found — the source did not declare it
Imported when the source declares an educational context.
dcterms:license
The licence document, as a URI where the gate resolved one.
dcterms:rights
The verdict and the conditions, in words.
dcterms:rightsHolder
none found — the source did not declare it
Only when named at source.
dcterms:accessRights
The access condition the source declared. Not the licence.
dcterms:format
One value per form held — the original and the extracted text.
dcterms:extent
Sizes in bytes, each saying which form it measures.
dcterms:issued
When the resource was published. Not when it was collected.
dcterms:modified
When the source's own record was last changed.
dcterms:created
dcterms:dateAccepted
none found — the source did not declare it
When a publisher accepted the work, where the source records it.
dcterms:dateSubmitted
none found — the source did not declare it
When the work was submitted, where the source records it.
dcterms:available
none found — the source did not declare it
dcterms:valid
none found — the source did not declare it
dcterms:bibliographicCitation
none found — the source did not declare it
Where the work was published, in the source's own words: a journal with its volume and pages, a conference, an imprint.
dcterms:isPartOf
none found — the source did not declare it
The repository, book or record this resource was found inside.
dcterms:hasPart
none found — the source did not declare it
What this resource is made of, when the source lists its parts.
dcterms:isVersionOf
dcterms:hasVersion
none found — the source did not declare it
dcterms:references
none found — the source did not declare it
Works this one cites, when the source declares them as relations. What its text links to and its reference list cites is inferred, and stands under it apart.
dcterms:isReferencedBy
none found — the source did not declare it
What links to or cites this one, when a source declares it; inferred from the texts held otherwise, and set apart.
dcterms:requires
none found — the source did not declare it
What this resource needs in order to be used, when a source declares it. The files a lab works on are inferred, and stand under it apart.
dcterms:isRequiredBy
none found — the source did not declare it
What needs this resource, when a source declares it. The lab a component belongs to is inferred, and stands under it apart.
dcterms:provenance
Where it was collected from, what was converted, and what container it came out of — the custody statements that would otherwise be mistaken for authorship.
IEEE 1484.12.1 Learning Object Metadata. LOM has no element for an SPDX identifier or a licence URI, so both are written into 6.3 Rights.Description. Flattening this record into simple Dublin Core would lose more again, which is why the two projections exist side by side rather than one being generated from the other. the standard ↗
1.1
This engine's identifier for the resource, the source URI, and any persistent identifier the source published.
1.2
1.3
The language of the content, as the language gate read it off the converted text. The language the source declared is kept separately.
1.4
none found — the source did not declare it
The abstract, and the depositor's additional notes after it as a second LangString when the source has a field for them.
1.5
none found — the source did not declare it
1.6
not collected — this library does not fill it
The time, place or culture the resource applies to. No source declares it.
1.7
not collected — this library does not fill it
Not declared by any of the three sources, and not estimated here.
1.8
not collected — this library does not fill it
Not declared by any of the three sources, and not estimated here.
2.1
none found — the source did not declare it
2.2
none found — the source did not declare it
Draft, final, revised or unavailable, and only when the source says so. A first version is not thereby final.
2.3
Role, entity and date per declared contribution. A role outside LOM's vocabulary is reported in the entry's description instead.
3.1
The identifier of this metadata record — the resource's own, with /record after it, because the record is a description of the resource and not the resource.
3.2
Who generated this record and when — a statement about the record, not about the resource.
3.3
LOMv1.0, and the profile this was built against.
3.4
4.1
One value per form held: the original as the source published it, and the Markdown this engine extracted.
4.2
Bytes. The original's, because the resource is the file and not our conversion of it.
4.3
Where the source serves it.
4.4
not collected — this library does not fill it
Software or hardware needed to use it. No source declares it.
4.5
not collected — this library does not fill it
No source declares it.
4.6
not collected — this library does not fill it
No source declares it.
4.7
not collected — this library does not fill it
Playing time, for audio and video. The corpus holds neither.
5.1
not collected — this library does not fill it
Active, expositive or mixed. A judgement about how the resource is used; no source declares it.
5.2
Only from a declaration that maps onto LOM's vocabulary. A file format is not a declaration.
5.3
not collected — this library does not fill it
No source declares it, and nothing here reads the resource to judge it.
5.4
not collected — this library does not fill it
No source declares it, and nothing here reads the resource to judge it.
5.5
none found — the source did not declare it
Imported when declared.
5.6
none found — the source did not declare it
Imported when declared.
5.7
not collected — this library does not fill it
No source declares it.
5.8
none found — the source did not declare it
Imported when declared and never estimated.
5.9
none found — the source did not declare it
Imported when declared. Never computed from a word count.
5.10
none found — the source did not declare it
An explicit statement about educational use, when the source makes one.
5.11
not collected — this library does not fill it
The language of the intended learner. Not assumed to be the content's: a lesson in English may be written for learners of it.
6.1
No: the licence gate refuses anything it cannot establish open reuse terms for, before the bytes are requested.
6.2
Yes unless the licence reserves nothing — attribution is a restriction. The conditions after the dash are the licence gate's reading; the export carries LOM's bare term.
6.3
The SPDX id, the licence URI and the conditions. LOM has no element for any of the three, so this is where they survive.
7.1
7.2
The container a file was found inside, and the Markdown extracted from the original. What a lab requires, and the lab a component belongs to, are inferred and stand apart.
8.1
not collected — this library does not fill it
Comments on the resource's educational use, by whoever made them. The platform's review grades competencies, which are classification (9), and writes no comment here.
8.2
not collected — this library does not fill it
8.3
not collected — this library does not fill it
9.1
not collected — this library does not fill it
Empty in the record: no source declares a competency. The alignment reads the resource for them and stands beside the record, never in it, and a taxon path derived from the search string that found it would be a claim about the query.
9.2
not collected — this library does not fill it
Where the competency framework goes. Empty in the record for the reason above.
9.3
not collected — this library does not fill it
9.4
not collected — this library does not fill it
Where the source's metadata could not be carried over as it was — missing, contradictory, with no matching term in the standard, restructured, or taken from the repository — and what was done instead. Without these notes, an empty element would look like something the harvester missed.
| Status | Field | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Not available | description |
the source published no description or abstract |
| Not available | subjects |
the source published no keywords |
| Not available | rights_holder |
no rights holder is named at source; the licence is recorded without one rather than attributed to the platform that served it |
| Not available | publisher |
the source named no publisher of the work; where it was collected from is recorded as collection provenance instead, which is a different claim |
| Not available | educational |
the source declared no educational metadata — no resource type, audience, context, difficulty or learning time. Nothing here estimates them |