Development of AI Literacy Instruments to Map Elementary School Students' Abilities

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• https://zenodo.org/records/19342921
• doi:10.5281/zenodo.19342921
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• Development of AI Literacy Instruments to Map Elementary School Students' Abilities

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• Siregar, Torang

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• The development of digital technology necessitates the strengthening of artificial intelligence literacy in elementary education as part of 21st-century skills. This study aims to develop a feasible and reliable AI literacy instrument for elementary school students. The research method employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research participants consisted of four experts for content validation and 250 elementary school students from SD Negeri 1 Sinunukan, Sinunukan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, for empirical testing. The instrument was developed based on five indicators of AI literacy: Recognizing AI, Understanding AI, Function/Use Apply AI, Evaluate and Create AI, and AI Ethics. The expert validation results indicate that all indicators have high content validity and are declared feasible for use. Empirical validity and reliability tests show that most instrument items fall into the valid and reliable categories, although several items in the Understanding AI indicator require refinement. The implementation results demonstrate a relatively homogeneous distribution of students' AI literacy abilities, with the main challenge being the understanding of abstract AI concepts. Overall, this instrument is feasible to use as a measurement tool for AI literacy in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum.

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• AI Literacy
• Instrument Development
• ADDIE
• Validity
• Reliability
• Elementary Education

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• en

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• https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19342920

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• doi:10.1002/pra2.487
• doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100054
• doi:10.1080/10494820.2023.2255228
• doi:10.1111/bjet.13342
• doi:10.20944/preprints202510.2072.v1
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• Retrieved from Zenodo on 2026-10-09 in response to the search string “("artificial intelligence" OR "machine learning" OR "generative AI" OR "deep learning" OR "reinforcement learning" OR "large language model" OR "AI") AND ("AI concepts" OR "types of AI" OR "AI fundamentals" OR "recognizing AI" OR "recognising AI" OR "general versus narrow AI" OR "narrow AI" OR "general AI" OR "machine intelligence" OR "AI strengths and weaknesses" OR "traditional software" OR "rule-based systems" OR "introduction to AI" OR "introduction to artificial intelligence" OR "artificial intelligence introduction" OR "AI primer" OR "foundations of artificial intelligence" OR "overview of AI" OR "understanding AI" OR "history of AI" OR "AI essentials" OR "AI terminology" OR "metaphors for AI" OR "AI fundamental concepts" OR "AI key concepts" OR "philosophy of AI" OR "critical AI literacy")”. Zenodo served the resource and is not asserted to be its publisher or author.
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• URI: tag:aim-pro.eu,2026:oer/e02786ff2043
• URI: https://zenodo.org/records/19342921
• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19342921
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• Development of AI Literacy Instruments to Map Elementary School Students' Abilities

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• The development of digital technology necessitates the strengthening of artificial intelligence literacy in elementary education as part of 21st-century skills. This study aims to develop a feasible and reliable AI literacy instrument for elementary school students. The research method employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research participants consisted of four experts for content validation and 250 elementary school students from SD Negeri 1 Sinunukan, Sinunukan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, for empirical testing. The instrument was developed based on five indicators of AI literacy: Recognizing AI, Understanding AI, Function/Use Apply AI, Evaluate and Create AI, and AI Ethics. The expert validation results indicate that all indicators have high content validity and are declared feasible for use. Empirical validity and reliability tests show that most instrument items fall into the valid and reliable categories, although several items in the Understanding AI indicator require refinement. The implementation results demonstrate a relatively homogeneous distribution of students' AI literacy abilities, with the main challenge being the understanding of abstract AI concepts. Overall, this instrument is feasible to use as a measurement tool for AI literacy in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum.

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• AI Literacy
• Instrument Development
• ADDIE
• Validity
• Reliability
• Elementary Education

• V1

• Siregar, Torang (Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training (FTIK), UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatra, Indonesia) [0009-0006-1416-0461] — author

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• references: doi:10.20368/1971-
• references: doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13097-
• references: doi:10.23887/jppp.v9i1.87473
• references: doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13853-6
• references: doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12758-0
• references: doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100045
• references: doi:10.1145/3313831.3376727
• references: doi:10.1002/pra2.487
• references: doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100054
• references: doi:10.1080/10494820.2023.2255228
• references: doi:10.1111/bjet.13342
• references: doi:10.20944/preprints202510.2072.v1
• and 13 more, every one of them in the export

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