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Zenodo PDF resource

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Licence
OPEN CC-BY-4.0
Authors
Nidhi Sharma, Honey Singh, Ajay Sharma, Deepak Dagar
Published
2026-07-28 · Zenodo
Language
eng
Length
37166 words
Type
narrative text
Open ↗ Download Open original ↗
Mean

The mean represents the average value of a dataset. It is calculated by dividing the sum of observations by the total number of observations. For example: Marks: 60, 70, 80, 90 Mean = (60 + 70 + 80 + 90) / 4 The mean provides a general overview of the dataset. Median The median represents the middle value in an ordered dataset. It is useful when data contains extreme values because it is less affected by outliers. For example:

  • income analysis
  • housing prices
  • population studies often rely on median values. Mode The mode represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset. It is commonly used in categorical data analysis and behavioral pattern studies.